In 1958, a new strain of influenza A with different HA and NA was identified and antigenic shift was discovered; the need for a trivalent vaccine was recognized. Technical advances have made it ...

These strains occur because of the phenomenon known as antigenic shift, in which humans are infected with avian influenza viruses or viruses that contain a combination of genes from human and ...

To comprehend how this is possible, it is necessary to understand how influenza viruses are passed ... to form a new strain that is called antigenic shift. Such a significant mutation occurs ...

Our current influenza vaccines are strain-specific and often ineffective against new variants. The influenza virus mutates rapidly which means we have to constantly change and tweak flu vaccines.

In 1958, a new strain of influenza A with different HA and NA was identified and antigenic shift was discovered; the need for a trivalent vaccine was recognized. Technical advances have made it ...